Sarah is an Enrolled Agent with the IRS and a former staff writer at Keeper. In 2022, she was named one of CPA Practice Advisorâs 20 Under 40 Top Influencers in the field of accounting. Her work has been featured in Business Insider, Money Under 30, Best Life, GOBankingRates, and Shopify. Sarah has spent nearly a decade in public accounting experience, and has extensive experience offering strategic tax planning at the state and federal level. Her clients have come from a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, manufacturing, real estate, wholesale and retail, finance, and ecommerce, and she has handled tax returns for C corps, S corps, partnerships, nonprofits, and sole proprietorships. In her spare time, she is a devoted cat mom and enjoys hiking, painting, and overwatering her houseplants.
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Being self-employed comes with a number of challenges â including estimated taxes. Luckily, our quarterly tax calculator takes the guesswork out of a complicated task.Â
How does this quarterly tax calculator work?Â
Starting with a few simple inputs, this calculator provides a ballpark estimate for your quarterly tax bill. Letâs look over the key inputs to better understand exactly what goes into the results.Â
What should you enter into the calculator?
Here are the input fields you'll fill in:
Where you live
This helps the calculator figure out which state tax rates it needs to determine your state tax bill. Be sure to use the state that youâll be paying taxes to.
For example, if you worked in California all year, but are in the process of moving to Arizona, your state input would be âCalifornia.âÂ
Thatâs because your income up till now was sourced in California.Â
Net self-employment income (annual)
âSelf-employmentâ refers to any type of 1099 work. This could mean working as a:
Freelancer
Independent contractor
Gig worker
Small business owner
If you receive a Form 1099 instead of a W-2 â or don't get any form at all â you count as a 1099 worker.
Note that this box says ânetâ income. That means your income after you subtract your business write-offs.
For example, if you drive for Uber, it would be all of your earnings minus everything you spent on rideshare throughout the year. That might include part of:
đ¶ The Spotify account you use to play music for passengers
Not sure what your business write-offs are? Download the Keeper app and find out!
W-2 income (optional)
This box is optional, but if you had W-2 earnings, you can put them in here.
Unlike your 1099 income, be sure to input your gross wages. Meaning, your pay before taxes and other payroll deductions are taken out.
Letâs say you have a job that pays $20 per hour, but after taxes and retirement contributions, your âtake-home payâ is only $14 per hour. For this calculation to work, you need to enter the $20 per hour rate. (Iâll explain why in a minute!)Â
Tax filing status
If youâve filed taxes before, youâre probably familiar with these statuses. The options are:Â
âSingle
Married filing jointly
âHead of household
If you're married and filing separately, use "single." If you got divorced the year you're filing for, "single"Â is also the most common option.
Your filing status affects your tax brackets and standard deduction amount. Choosing the right one is crucial to getting an accurate tax estimate.
What the calculator does automatically
Once you put in your info, the calculator will estimate your quarterly tax bill with a little bit of automatic tax magic. Hereâs what itâs doing in the background:
The amount of your standard deduction depends on your filing status. For your 2022 taxes, those figures are:Â
âSingle:Â $12,950
Married filing jointly:Â $25,900
âHeads of household:Â $19,400
For example, if youâre single and earn $30,000 a year, youâll pay income taxon $17,050 ($30,000 - $12,950).
The standard deduction is supposed to represent the amount of money it takes to maintain a basic standard of living. Interestingly, the amount for a single filer isnât too much higher than the current poverty line â $12,760.Â
â Accounting for your standard deduction
The qualified business income deduction gives anyone with self-employment income a bonus write-off. It lets you deduct up to 20% of your income after subtracting business write-offs.
Hereâs how it works: if you have $20,000 in 1099 income and $10,000 in business expenses, your net income is $10,000. And your QBI deduction would be $2,000 ($10,000 x 0.20).Â
Like the standard deduction, the QBI The $2,000 income taxes. Unfortunately, it has no effect on your self-employment taxes, only your Â
Unlike the standard deduction, there are limitations for the QBI deduction. (Our calculator accounts for these, but itâs not able to handle all scenarios.)
Generally speaking, most 1099 workers will receive 20% if they have leftover business income after subtracting their write-offs.
â Estimating withholding from any W-2 income
If the calculator results show a negative number â or an amount less than you were expecting â you most likely put in W-2 income as well.
Our calculator uses the IRS standard withholding rates to estimate an employer would automatically take out of your paycheck for taxes. These rates are the default, unless you specifically tell your payroll provider to use a different amount.
The withholding rates are designed to create some margin. They take a little more than youâve forecasted to owe and return the extra as a refund when you file. (From the IRSâs point of view, taxation is easier to enforce when youâre returning money rather than asking for it.)
To help you avoid drastically overpayingin taxes, we include your estimated withholding in the final result. Thatâs why itâs important to input your gross W-2 wages when using the calculator.Â
What the calculator doesnât do: Include tax credits
Most tax credits are based on your particular circumstances. For example, maybe you:
Had a baby
Went to school
Saved for retirement
We would have to ask a lot more questions to accurately forecast your tax credits. To make this calculator quick and easy to use, weâve chosen not to include them in our results.
How to check which tax credits you qualify for
â If youâre not sure whether these credits apply to you, you can check by looking at your tax return from last year. The second page of your Form 1040 will list the credits you received for the year:
To find more information about the amounts listed on line 31, look at your Schedule 3, which should be included with your tax return.
If you were eligible for a tax credit last year, youâll often be eligible again this year (although thatâs not always the case).
What happens if youâre eligible for tax credits
Being eligible for tax credits could mean that, if you make the estimated payments recommended by the calculator, youâll end up overpaying in taxes.Â
If that happens, youâll get the extra money back in a refund.
Why should you make quarterly tax payments?
There are a few reasons why making quarterly tax payments is a good idea. Of course, not everyone is required to. You can skip the process altogether if you:
Expect to owe less than $1,000Â
Didnât owe any tax last year
Increased your W-2 withholding to cover your 1099 taxes
For everyone else, letâs look at why this process is a good idea:Â
Penalty avoidance
This is the main reason to stay on top of your tax payments. If you donât pay in throughout the year, youâll likely get hit with an underpayment penalty. That's 0.05% of your tax due for every month it stays unpaid.
While that might not seem like much, it can add up quickly. The best way to save your hard-earned dollars is to pay your taxes once a quarter when theyâre due.Â
Peace of mind
While paying taxes is never fun, it comes with a greater sense of control heading into tax season. You donât have to be concerned about a surprise bill because youâve been managing your payments throughout the year.
For 1099 workers who already have a lot of stress on their plates, this approach can make a huge difference.Â
Improved financial focusÂ
An important step to doing quarterly taxes is finding your ânet income.â This forces you to review your business's financial health beyond just your bank balance.
To pay quarterly, youâll have to know:Â
How much money youâve earned so far
How much money you expect to earn for the whole year
Your work expenses so far
A good forecast for what your work expenses will be for the current year
Knowing all this forces you to engage with the financial side of your business. Having a quarterly reason to study your income and expenses sharpens your financial focus and improves your managerial skills.
Pro tip: To save time sorting your expenses, consider downloading the Keeper app! We can automatically scan your bank and credit card transactions and find all your eligible write-offs for you.Â
6 ways to make your quarterly tax payments
Now that you know how much to pay and why, letâs look at how to make the rubber meet the road. There are six ways to make estimated tax payments on your 1099 income:Â
Option #1: Direct Pay
The IRS Direct Pay option doesnât require you to set up an account or register in any way. You can simply:
Input your tax details
Make a payment
This is easiest to do with direct deposit, but the IRS can also work with third-party merchants to handle credit card payments.Â
Option #2: An EFTPS account
Youâll need to set up an account to use this payment method, but I recommend all taxpayers do that at some point anyway. Itâs the only way to easily view your tax records and transcripts â useful if you ever fall behind on your taxes and need to file them a few years late. It also lets you conveniently make tax payments.Â
To enroll, visit the IRSâs Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS). Once registered, youâll be able to view all your tax return filings and can seamlessly make estimated payments
Option #3: Mobile app
Believe it or not, the IRS recently released a mobile app for taxpayers called IRS2Go. Â You can use it to make payments and track your refund from your phone. It's available in both English and Spanish.
This is a good direction for the IRS, but be prepared for some glitching and long wait times with customer support. The app is far from a walk in the park, but hopefully the functionality will improve over time.Â
Option #4: Phone payments
You can also pay your estimated quarterly taxes by making a phone call.
If youâve created an EFTPS account, you can call the IRS directly at:
1-800-555-4477 (English)
1-800-244-4829 (Español)
1-800-733-4829 (Deaf or hard of hearing)Â
Don't have an EFTPS? You can still pay over the phone. But instead of calling the IRS directly, youâll actually call one of the third-party providers listed below.
They'll allow you to pay using credit, debit, or â in a few cases â an app. Again, you'll have to pay a convenience fee.
Many people still prefer physical checks, and those are accepted as well. However, due to security concerns around paper mail, the IRS strongly encourages people to make electronic payments whenever possible.
If you plan to use a check, be sure to follow the steps below:Â
Last but not least, if you work a W-2 job in addition to your freelance work, ask your employer to increase your withholding. This saves you from having to submit payments yourself.
For example, if the results from this calculator tell you to pay $1,200 quarterly, have your employer increase your withholding by $200 on your biweekly payroll. This amounts to $400 a month, or $1,200 a quarter â all without you having to do anything.Â
And with that, youâre off to the races! Be sure to visit Keeperâs Free Resources page for more tips and free tools, or download our app so that weâre never further than a click away.
Sarah York, EA
Sarah is an Enrolled Agent with the IRS and a former staff writer at Keeper. In 2022, she was named one of CPA Practice Advisorâs 20 Under 40 Top Influencers in the field of accounting. Her work has been featured in Business Insider, Money Under 30, Best Life, GOBankingRates, and Shopify. Sarah has spent nearly a decade in public accounting experience, and has extensive experience offering strategic tax planning at the state and federal level. Her clients have come from a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, manufacturing, real estate, wholesale and retail, finance, and ecommerce, and she has handled tax returns for C corps, S corps, partnerships, nonprofits, and sole proprietorships. In her spare time, she is a devoted cat mom and enjoys hiking, painting, and overwatering her houseplants.